Effects of intangibles on financial analysts' forecast
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.16930/2237-766220192856Keywords:
Intangible, Analysts’ forecast, Accuracy, Research & Development, Goodwill.Abstract
The purpose of this research was to verify the influence of intangibles on the accuracy and dispersion of profit forecasts made by financial analysts. This study was motivated by observing that the literature suggests that intangibles can influence analysts' forecasts; however, the results are divergent, and there is no consensus regarding the direction of this influence in the studies found that address this theme. To achieve the research objectives, a sample of American non-financial companies with shares traded on Nasdaq from 1995 to 2016 was used from the OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) method, as adopted by most of the literature on the subject. The choice of such sample was due to the greater availability of intangible data and analysts' coverage, comparability with results of previous research in the literature and also because the respective stock exchange concentrates companies with greater degree of intangibility. The main results indicated that investments in R&D and recognized intangible assets were capable of improving analysts' forecasts. However, Goodwill was negatively correlated with analysts' forecasts by reducing accuracy and widening forecast dispersion. The evidence suggested an association between intangible and analysts' forecasts, providing evidence that the direction of this influence cannot be generalized to all intangibles, depending on the level of uncertainty and information complexity of the intangible studied.References
Abeysekera, I. (2016). Does the classification of intangibles matter? An equivalence testing. Advances in accounting, 35, 135-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2016.02.003
Abhayawansa, S., & Guthrie, J. (2016). Does intellectual capital disclosure in analysts' reports vary by firm characteristics? Advances in accounting, 35, 26-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2016.04.002
Ali, A., Ciftci, M., & Cready, W. M. (2012). Market underestimation of the implications of R&D increases for future earnings: the US evidence. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 39(3?4), 289-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.2012.02282.x
Almeida, J. E. F., & Dalmácio, F. Z. (2015). The effects of corporate governance and product market competition on analysts’ forecasts: evidence from the Brazilian capital market. The International Journal of Accounting, 50(3), 316-339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2015.07.007
Amir, E., Lev, B., & Sougiannis, T. (2003). Do financial analysts get intangibles? European Accounting Review, 12(4), 635-659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0963818032000141879
Bae, J., Hur, W., Lee, J., & Goh, J. (2017). Patent citations and financial analysts’ long-term growth forecasts. Sustainability, 9(5), 846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050846
Barron, O. E., Kim, O., Lim, S. C., & Stevens, D. E. (1998). Using analysts' forecasts to measure properties of analysts' information environment. Accounting Review, 421-433.
Barron, O. E., Byard, D., Kile, C., & Riedl, E. J. (2002). High?technology intangibles and analysts’ forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(2), 289-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00048
Barth, M. E., Kasznik, R., & McNichols, M. F. (2001). Analyst coverage and intangible assets. Journal of Accounting Research, 39(1), 1-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.00001
Burgman, R., & Roos, G. (2004). The new economy: a new paradigm for managing for shareholder value. IC Congress, Centre for Business Performance, Cranfield, Reino Unido.
Chakravarty, A., & Grewal, R. (2016). Analyst earning forecasts and advertising and R&D budgets: role of agency theoretic monitoring and bonding costs. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(4), 580-596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0204
Cummins, J. G. (2005). A new approach to the valuation of intangible capital. In Corrado, C., Haltiwanger J., & Sichel, D. Measuring capital in the new economy (pp. 47-72). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226116174.003.0003
Currim, I. S., Lim, J., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Effect of analysts’ earnings pressure on marketing spending and stock market performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(3), 431-452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0540-y
Dalmácio, F. Z. (2009). Mecanismos de governança e acurácia das previsões dos analistas do mercado brasileiro: uma análise sob a perspectiva da teoria de sinalização. Tese de doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Damodaran, A. (2007). Dealing with intangibles: valuing brand names, flexibility and patents. Flexibility and Patents (April 7, 2007). doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1374562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1374562
Diamond, D. W., & Verrecchia, R. E. (1991). Disclosure, liquidity, and the cost of capital. The Journal of Finance, 46(4), 1325-1359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04620.x
Dinh, T., Eierle, B., Schultze, W., & Steeger, L. (2015). Research and development, uncertainty, and analysts’ forecasts: the case of IAS 38. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 26(3), 257-293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jifm.12029
Fávero, L. P., & Belfiore, P. (2014). Métodos Quantitativos com Stata: procedimentos, rotinas e análise de resultados (Vol. 1). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Fusai, G., & Roncoroni, A. (2007). Implementing models in quantitative finance: methods and cases. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
Gentry, R. J., & Shen, W. (2013). The impacts of performance relative to analyst forecasts and analyst coverage on firm R&D intensity. Strategic Management Journal, 34(1), 121-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1997
Gu, F., & Wang, W. (2005). Intangible assets, information complexity, and analysts’ earnings forecasts. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 32(9?10), 1673-1702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0306-686X.2005.00644.x
Iudicibus, S. (2010). Teoria da Contabilidade (10a ed.) São Paulo: Atlas.
Jia, N. (2017). Corporate Innovation Strategy, Analyst Forecasting Activities and the Economic Consequences. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 44(5-6), 812-853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12242
Kanodia, C., Sapra, H., & Venugopalan, R. (2004). Should Intangibles Be Measured: what are the economic trade?offs? Journal of Accounting Research, 42(1), 89-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679X.2004.00130.x
Kothari, S. P. (2001). Capital markets research in accounting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 31(1), 105-231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00030-1
Kwon, S. S. (2002). Financial analysts' forecast accuracy and dispersion: high-tech versus low-tech stocks. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 19(1), 65-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015730325706
Lang, M. H., & Lundholm, R. J. (1996). Corporate disclosure policy and analyst behavior. Accounting review, 467-492.
Lev, B. (2001). Intangibles: management, measurement, and reporting. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Lev, B. (2005). Intangible assets: concepts and measurements. Encyclopedia of social measurement, 2(1), 299-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369398-5/00471-0
Luo, X., Homburg, C., & Wieseke, J. (2010). Customer satisfaction, analyst stock recommendations, and firm value. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(6), 1041-1058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.47.6.1041
Maaloul, A., Ben Amar, W., & Zeghal, D. (2016). Voluntary disclosure of intangibles and analysts’ earnings forecasts and recommendations. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 17(4), 421-439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-10-2014-0105
Martins, E., Diniz, J. A., & Miranda, G. J. (2012). Análise avançada das demonstrações contábeis: uma abordagem crítica. São Paulo: Atlas.
Matolcsy, Z., & Wyatt, A. (2006). Capitalized intangibles and financial analysts. Accounting & Finance, 46(3), 457-479. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2006.00177.x
McDermott, C. M. (1999). Managing radical product development in large manufacturing firms: a longitudinal study. Journal of Operations Management, 17(6), 631-644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(99)00018-2
Palmon, D., & Yezegel, A. (2012). R&D intensity and the value of analysts’ recommendations. Contemporary Accounting Research, 29(2), 621-654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01117.x
Penman, S. H. (2009). Accounting for intangible assets: there is also an income statement. Abacus, 45(3), 358-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.2009.00293.x
Perez, M. M., & Famá, R. (2006). Ativos intangíveis e o desempenho empresarial. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 17(40), 7-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-70772006000100002
Santos, J. L. D., Gomes, J. M. M., Fernandes, L. A., Pinheiro, P. R., & Schmidt, P. (2006). Ativos intangíveis: fonte de vantagem competitiva. Contexto, 6(10), 29-46.
Simões, J. J. F., & Louzada, L. C. (2016). O Intangível Como Fator De Vantagem Competitiva. Congresso Nacional de Administração e Contabilidade – AdCont, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 17.
Scott, W. R. (2012). Financial accounting theory (6a ed.) Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Srinivasan, R. (2007). Do Analysts Pay Attention to Marketing? Advertising, R&D, and Dispersion in Analysts’ Forecasts. Red McCombs School of Business, University of Texas, Austin, TX, Estados Unidos.
Zanoteli, E. J. (2015). Ativos intangíveis: uma perspectiva teórica para o seu reconhecimento e mensuração nas demonstrações contábeis. Tese de doutorado em Administração, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The copyright for articles published in this journal belongs to the author (s), with first publication rights assigned to Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil. Due to appearing in this publicly accessible journal, articles are free to use, with mandatory recognition of the original authorship and initial publication in this magazine and for educational and non-commercial applications. The magazine chose to use published works for non-commercial purposes, including the right to submit or work for publicly accessible databases. The content of published articles is the sole and exclusive responsibility of the authors. - The author (s) authorize (s) a publication of the article in the journal; - The author (s) guarantee (s) that a contribution is original and unpublished and that it is not being evaluated in another magazine (s); - A magazine is not responsible for the opinions, ideas and concepts emitted in the texts, for the full responsibility of the author (s); - It is reserved to the editors or the right to make textual adjustments and to adjust the article to the publication rules.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional.